Machine for turning the platform covers of platform shoes



Aug. 31, 1948. v, R. H. LAWSON 2,448,101

MACHINE FOR TURNING THE PLATFORM COVERS OF PLATFORM SHOES 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed March 22, 1946 [12 van for Robert H Lawson Aug. 31, 1948. R. H. LAWSON v MACHINE FOR TURNING THE PLATFORM COVERS OF PLATFORM SHOES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Inventor I v Robe-rt Lawson Filed March 22, 1946' Patented Aug. 31, 1948 MACHINE FoR TURNING THE FLATFoRM oovERs F PLATFORM SHOES Robert H. Lawson, Beverly, Mass.,

United Shoe Machinery Corporation,

assignor to Flemington, N. J., a-corporation of New Jersey Application March 22, 1946, Serial No. 656,457

This invention relates to machines for turning the platform covers of platform shoes and is herein disclosed as embodied in a machine of the type illustrated andv described in 'my copending application Serial No. 566,592, filed December 4, 1944, now U. S. Patent No. 2,422,737. Thatiriachine, like the one disclosed in the present application, is provided with a 'U-shaped turning tool adapted to fit around the end of an inverted shoe and to engage within the unturned platform cover. The turning operation is performed by urging the shoe downwardly into the U-shaped tool by means of aplunger operating against 'the shoe bottom. The machine disclosed in said prior application was provided with a tensioning device ,to adapt it to work upon platform covers of flimsy ma terial, such as'thin woven fabric. This tensioning device consisted of a snubber which pressed the platform cover against the turning tool while u the operation was taking place. However, when the platform cover is made 'of relatively stiff material, such as leather, excessive tension is developed even without snubbing and unlesssuch tension can be relieved, the covers are likely to become torn or otherwise damaged.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a platform cover turning machine suitable for turning platform' covers' of relatively stiff material, such as leather. a feature of the invention, the illustrated'machine is provided with a tool frictionally engageable with the'cover to assist in turning the cover. This tool isoperated in conjunction "with the around the U-shaped turning tool. A somewhat similar friction tool is disclosed also in my 00 pending application Serial No. 719,587, filed December3l,1946

These and other novel'features ofthe invention are illustrated in the drawingsand are hereinafter described andl'claime'd.

Referrin'gto the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a sideelevation of the operating instrumentalities of the machine. in normal position before depression of 'the-treadlej g Fig. 2 is a view similar toFig. 1, showing the shoe engaging instrumentalitie's' in contact with the shoe and-about to begin their operation;

Fig; '3' isv an enlarged'side elevation, partly in section, showing the shoe engaging members at the beginning oftheir operation; ,7 .1

I Fig. 4 is a frontelevation,asseen from the line IV-IV'of Fig. l, of. some of the parts shown in;Fig.3;j.,ifi 1 Fig." 5 is a plan view, as seen from the line V-'-V 16 Claims. (01.12-1) In accordance with plunger above mentioned for urging the' cover of Fig. l, of certain parts of the mechanism for operating the friction member;

Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken through the line VI-VI of Fi 1.

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the friction member and also of the member which pushes the shoe forward; and

Fig. 8 is a horizontal section taken on the line VIII-VIII of Fig. 1.

Many of the parts of the illustrative machine are similar to corresponding parts of the machine shown in Figs. 18 and 19 of Letters Patent No. 2,422,737 already mentioned. The following description'of these similar parts will therefore be .brief, inasmuch as reference may be had to the prior application for a fuller understanding of their construction and operation.

The shoe engaging members of the illustrative machine comprise a heel turning tool ID, a toe turning tool (not shown), a shoe bottom engaging plunger l2, a tool M which serves to push a shoe forwardly during the operation, and a friction tool-I6 which operates to assist the plunger l2 in turning a platform cover C of a shoe S over the tool In. The shoe S, as shown herein, is mounted on a last L and it has a platform comprising a midsole M and a wedge heel H. The platform cover C is attached along one of its of stitching which, in Figs. 1 and 2, appears to coincide with aline A representing the upper (as distinguished from the tread) surface of the midsole M. This line of stitching secures the platform cover to the usual sock lining which is attached to the midsole M and to the upper of the shoe. The supporting structure of the machine consists of a hollow column (not shown) adapted to rest upon the floor and a supporting shelf 20 which carries an upstanding bracket 22 in the form of a'pair of spaced parallel plates. The heel and toe turning tools above mentioned are stationary while the operation is being performed, but they are mounted for movement to enable either to be moved into its operative position while the other is moved out of operative position. These tools are U- haped or horseshoe shaped to enable them to fit around the respective ends of the shoe and they have their operative portions composed of resilient metal arranged in a substantially horizontal plane. These tools are mounted upon a slide 24 which is guided for sliding movement on the forward marginal portion of the shelf. Zllto enable either tool to be brought into operating position.

The plunger I2 is carried upon abent lever 26 fulcrumed for limited swinging movement on a pin 28 which extends between a pair of parallel arms 38. A pin 29, secured in the arms 30, extends through a hole in the lever 28 large enough to permit some degree of swinging movement of the lever. The arms 30 are pivoted for free swinging movement upon a pin 32 secured in the bracket 22. Pivotally connected to the arms 30 and depending therefrom are a pair of parallel links 34 the lower ends of which are pivotallyconnected to the forward ends of a pair of parallel links 35, the rear ends of the links 36 being pivotally mounted upon a pin 38 secured in the bracket 22.

The upper end of a treadle: rod iilis pivotally; connected to a short, forwardly extending arm of a bell-crank lever 32, this bell-crank lever being fulcrumed upon a pin it which constitutes the pivotal connection between a pair of parallel links 25 and a pair of parallel bars 68. The rear ends of the links 48 are fulcrumed upon the pin 33 and the rear upwardly extending ends of the bars 48 are provided with slots i]. which engage a pin 52 carried by the arms 38. Atension spring 54 having one end anchored to the arms 36. and the other end anchored tothe links 46 normally maintains the links 45 and thereby, through the bars 38, the arms St in upward position. Formed upon the bell-crank lever 42 are ratchet teeth which are engageable with a ratchet 5-5 carried by the links 34 to move the links 34 and thereby the arms 3% downwardly. Depression of the treadle, operating through the rod 40, serves to swingthe bell-crank lever 42 into ratchet engaging position. However, duringthe initial portion of the downward movement of the treadle rod 48 the arms 39} will, for reasons fully explained in my prior application aforementioned, descend faster than the links. 42 until the plunger I2 is arrested by engagement with the bottom of the platform of a shoe. Further downward movement of the treadle rod will now operate directly through the ratchet to draw the arms 39 downwardly and thereby depress the. plunger. causing the platform cover to be turned over the tool Iii.

The tool I l serves to push the shoe forward for the purposeof enabling the platform to clear the turning tool I0 so that the shoe may descend within the tool It. The tool I4 is mounted upon the forward end of a carrier consisting of a pair of parallel bars 56 having slotted rear portions which slide upon the pin 32. The tool. I4 is concave to engage the curved end of the platform and is integral with a block 58 which is clamped between the parallel bars 56 by a pair of clamping bolts 60 passing through enlarged openings in the block 58 to permit adjustment. The bars 56 are also pivotally connected by .a pin 62 to the upper ends of a pair of parallel cam plates 64 having cam slots 68. The lower ends of the cam plates 6.4 are pivotally connected to the forward end of a link 68 the rear end of which is pivotally mounted on the pin 38.. A tension spring Ill yieldably holds the cam plates down with their lower ends resting upon a plate 72 mounted on the shelf 29. Cam rolls engaging the slots 66 are carried upon the pivotal connections between the links 34 and 36, the slots being so shaped as to give the pushing tool I4 the desired forward movement during the early part of the down stroke of the plunger I2.

The machine as thus far described is, with the exception of the friction tool I6, similar to the machine described in Letters Patent No. 2,422,737 already mentioned.

The friction tool I6 (Figs. 3 and 4) consists of a plate having a concave work engaging face across which extend upwardly directed ratchet teeth I4. The lower end of the tool I6 has a hub it which is supported on a pin "I8 between a pair of spacer rolls 80. The pin 18 is secured inand extends between a pair of parallel levers 8'2 fulcrumed upon a pair of coaxial studs 84 carried by a pair of parallel plates 88. The clamping bolts 60 serve also to secure the plates 86 against the outer faces of the bars 56. A tension spring 88 having its lower end anchored in the-shelf 2b and its upper end hooked to the pinfl'S. normally holds the friction tool I6 down ina stop position determined by the engagement of the spacer rolls 88 with a forward extension on each of the plates 86.

Pivotallymounted upon the pin 28 are a pair of plates 94. Torsion springs 96 surrounding the pin 28 serve normally to urge the plates 94 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2. Extending downwardly from each of the. plates 94 is a bar 98, each of the bars 98 being adjustably secured to the associated platev 94 by a pair of clamping screws I00v extending through a longitudinal slot I92 formed in the bar 98.. Formed on each of the bars 98 is, a shoulder Idd (Fig. 3) which engages a pointed, rearwardly extending tail IDS of its associated lever 82. It is evident that downward movement of the. arms 30 will bring the shoulders. Hi4 into engagement with the tails I05 and thereby rotate the levers 82 in a clockwise direction, raising the friction tool I6. Each of the bars 98 has a portion I68 extending downwardly below the shoulder N24 to. provide a stop surface engageable with the associated lever 82 for limiting the clockwise movement. of the plate 94 under the influence of the. torsion. spring .25. As shown in Fig. 3, the shoulders Hi l. are undercut, the planes of the, surfaces of these shoulders. which engage the tails. I06 being. substantially tangent to a circle having its center in the axis of the pin 28,. The. upwardthrust. of the tails I06 will not, therefore, tend to. rotate the plates 94 about the pin 28.

Also secured upon each of the plates 94. is a plate IIG extending downwardly substantially parallel to the bar 9.8. Each plate III] is secured to its associated plate 94 by a pair of clamping screws II2 extending, through longitudinal slots I I4 formed in the plate. III]. The lower end portion of each plate III] is formed to provide an inclined cam surface II-6 which, as the plunger I2 continues its. descent, will. engage an eccentric disk I. I 8 secured ineach of the. plates 86. A clamping bolt I20 secures its associated disk H8 in any desired position of adjustment uponits associated plate '86 and may be loosened to permit turning of the disk to cause earlier or later engagement with the cam surface H6. Upon the engagement of the cam surfaces II5 with the disks I I8 the plates 94 and thereby the bars 98 will be swung in a counterclockwise direction against the force of the torsion springs 96, causing the shoulders I04 to disengage. from the tails I06 and permitting the spring'88, to pull the tool I6 down.

The upper portion of the. tool I6 is guided for heightwise movement .in an opening formed in the tool I4. This opening. permits some degree of swinging movement forwardly and rearwardly of the tool I6 about its supporting pin 18. On the back of the tool. I6 is a rib I22. (Fig. '7) which may be backed by a roll I24 mounted'to rotate idly upon a pin I26 (Fig, 8) secured in a pair of roll I24 enables it-to hold the frictiontool I6 in" operative position wherein the friction tool acts upon the platform cover of the shoe while the plunger I2 is being depressed. Rearward adjust,- ment of the rool I24 by relieving-the backing pressure against the tool I6 permits thestool I6 to swing idly away from the work piece;

In some cases it is undesirable to have the member I4 operate against the toe end of the shoe. To prevent such operation, the block 58 is adjusted rearwardly on the bars56 and the heel turning tool I is adjusted rearwardly on the slide 24 to keep it withinoperating distance of the tool I4. When these adjustments-have been made, the toe turning tool (not shown) will be too far forward-of the tool I4 to be within operating distance of it. In such cases the forward component of thrust of the plunger I2 (explained in Letters Patent No. 2,422,737) still operates upon the toe end of the shoe. To enable the heel turning tool ID to be adjusted rearwardly, a pair of parallel slots I36 (one of which is shown in Fig. 2) extending forwardly and rearwardly are formed in a base plate I38 which carries the tool I6. A pair of clamping screws I40 extending through the slots 6 I36 and threaded into the slide 24 enable the tool ID to be secured in any desired position offorward and rearward adjustment.

In the operation of the machine, depression of the treadle first causes a rapid descent of the plunger I2 to bringtheplunger into engagement with the bottom of the platform of a shoe supported upon one of the turning tools, for example, the heel turning tool ID. The resistance which the plunger encounters upon engaging the shoe bottom causes the ratchet teeth on the lever 42 to engage the ratchet 55 and thereby causes the plunger to descend .under the direct pull of the treadle rod. In the meanwhile, the cam 64, acting through the bars 56, has. caused the tool I4 to advance into engagementwith the end of the shoe and push the shoev forwardly to-enable the platform to clear the turning tool Ill as it descends within the turning tool. The operation so far .is similar to thatof the machine already described in Letters Patent No. 2,422,737. g

, In the present machine the same movement of the bars 56 which advancesthe tool I4 into engagement with the end of.the shoe serves also to advance the friction tool I6 into engagement with the platform cover. Any desired pressure of the friction tool against the cover can be obtained, regardless of the thickness of the cover, by adjustment forwardly or rearwardly of the block I30 which carries the backing roll I24. The area of the cover initially engaged by the tool I6 includes the portion of the cover adjacent. to its attached margin, that is, adjacent to the stitching A.

Now, while the shoe is being pushed down by the plunger I2 and while-the'friction tool I6 is held pressed against thecover, the descent of the arms 30 causes the shoulder I64 to engage the tail I06 of the lever 82 and thereby raise the friction tool heightwise of the shoe and toward the plane of the shoe bottom. The frictional'force of the tool I6 thus exerted upon. the cover tends to formthe-cover into a'bight" which begins at the 6.. attached margin and progresses, relatively to the downwardly moving shoegin the direction of movement; of the tool I6. -As the cover is thus turned by'the joint action of the plunger I2 and frictiontool I6, it is backed by the stationary U-shaped turning tool Ifl which resists the pressure of the tool I6 and which fills the bight of the cover as the cover slides over it. The plunger l2, in pushing the body portion of the shoe down through the U-shaped tool In, serves necessarily to prevent upward movement of the body portion of the shoe with the friction tool I6.

The bar 98 should be adjusted heightwise to cause the upward movement of the tool IE to take place at aboutthe same time the shoe begins to move downwardly under the action of the plunger I2. Theduration of such upward movement of the tool I6 depends upon the heightwise adjustment of the plate H0 and also upon the adjuste ment of. the eccentric disk II8, the latter being employed for purposes of fine adjustment. In

some cases it is desirable to continue the upward movement of .the tool I6 until the free edge. of the platform cover has passed over the turning tool II]. In other cases,,however, it is desirable to release the tool I6 before the platform cover has been fully turned because in some cases a slight tension applied during the latter stage of the turning operation is desirable. This ten-. sion maybe obtained by adjusting the plate III] downwardly to such a position as to cause it to disengage the shoulder I04 from the tail I06 atthe desired,instant whereupon the inclined face of one of the teeth I4 of the tool I6 will bear downward under theinfluence of the spring 88 to snub the platform cover against the turning tool It. Such snubbing action, while of no con- I sequence if the spring 88 is moderately weak,

may be intensified to any desired extent by using astronger spring.

It will be observed that the bars 98, the plates III], and the levers 82, and also the eccentric disks IIB, are all in duplicate, requiring separate adjustments for the right and left sides of the machine. The duplication. of these members is unnecessary so far as their function is concerned inasmuch as a single set on either side would be sufficient', the only purpose of such duplication being to obtain better balance.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:.

, 1. A platform cover turning machine comprising a turning tool adapted to engage within" an unturned platform cover of a shoe, a member engageable withthe bottom of the shoe, means for effecting relative movement in a direction heightwise of the shoe between the turning tool.

and the bottom engaging member to turn the cover over the turning'tool, and means acting upon the cover to assist in turning the cover.

2. A- platform cover turning machine comprising a turning tool adapted to engage within an unturned platform cover of a shoe, a member engageable with the bottom of the shoe, means for effecting relativemovement in a direction heightwise of the shoe between the turning tool and the bottom engaging member to turn the coverover the turning tool, and means frictionally engageable with the cover to assist in turning the cover;

- 3. A platform cover turning machine comprisinga stationary turning tool adapted to engage within a downwardly extending unturned plat form coverof an inverted shoe, a plunger err-- gageable with therbottomof the .ashoe; a friction tool engageable with the cover; outside atherturningtool, and meansfor depressing the plunger-to; urge the. shoe downwardly to causer-thevcover to be turned over the tool'. and :for' raising-thesfrice tion tool while the cover is being :turned.'to':causethefriction .tool to urge .thezcover upwardly and;

thereby-assist in the turning:operation.v

4. A platform cover turningsmachine vcomprisiinglargenerally U-shaped turning tooliadapted toengage within a downwardly extending une turned platform cover of aninvertedshoe, a.-

plunger engageable with the bottomoftthe shoe,

a concave friction tool vengageable: with the cover.

outside the turning tool,'.and operatingmeans constructed: and arranged t'o'move the plunger.

and thereby'the shoe downwardly-"toi cause the ooverto be turned over theturning 13001;? said-Jopcrating means being also: constructed I and E ar ranged'to movethe friction tooltupwardly in en-- gagement with the cover to relieve strainvin the cover-as it turns over the turning tool.

5. A platform cover turning maehinevcompris= inga generally U-shaped turning took-adapted to:

engage within a downwardly extending unturned platformcover of an invertedshoe, a plunger engageable with the bottomof the shoe, a con-- cave friction tool engageable with the'coveroutside the turning tool, operating means constructed and arranged to move the plunger and thereby the shoedownwardly to cause'the cover to be turned over the turningtool, said operatingmeans being also constructed and arrangedto move the friction tool upwardly in engagement with the cover to relieve-strain in the cover as it turns over the turning tool, and means for varying the-time during which thefriction tool acts on the cover.

6. A platform cover turning machine-comprising a generally U-shaped turning tool'adapted to engage within a downwardly extendingunturned platform cover of aninverted shoe, a

plunger engageable with the bottom of the-shoe,-

a concave friction tool engageablewith the cover outside the turning tool, operating means constructed and arranged to move the plunger and thereby the shoe downwardly to cause the cover to be turned over the turning-tool, saidoperating:

means being also constructed and arrangedito move the friction tool upwardly, in engagement with the cover to'relieve strain in. the cover as. it turns over therturning tool, and means for varying both the time of engagement, andthe time of release of the friction tool..

7. A platform cover .turningmachine compris inga, stationary turning tool, adaptedtto engage Within ,a, downwardly extending. ,unturned plat-l form cover at one end of an. inverted shoeaav plunger engageable with the-bottomofthe shoe, a friction tool engageable with, they COVER-Q1113? side the turning, tool, a carrier uponrwhichi said friction tool is. mounted for. heightwise-imoveement, a support upon whichlsaid carrieris mount-- ed for movement toward andfromtheshoein a direction lengthwise thereof, and. operating means constructedand arranged to depress-the plunger to urge theshoe downwardlyand therebymause the. cover to be turned over the-turning-tool said. operating means being also constructed and ar ranged to move said carrier toward theshoe and:

to move the friction tool upwardly ontthe carrier,

the. movement of Y the carrier serving to :tbringw the friction tool into engagement with the-platformcover and the upward movement oftthe friction:

tool-aiserving to relieve tne platform cover'of" strain as it turns over the tu-rning tool.

81 A platform oover turning-machin-e comprising a stationary turning tooladapted to engage within a .downwardly'extending unturned platform coverofaninverted shoe at one end of the-shoe, a plunger: engageable with l the bottom of the: platform. of theshoe at that end'of-the shoe,- a leverupon which said plungeris mounted; means for swinging the lever downwardly to depress the plunger/and therebythe shoe to'cause theucover' to beturnedmver-the tool, a member engageable with theedge surface-of the platform at'said 'end of the shoe; acarrier for said member, a support upon which said carrier is mounted for movement in a' directi'onlengthwise of the shoe, cam means'constru'etedand arranged upon downward swingingrof 'thelever to move the carrier lengthwlse of the shoe to cause said member to push the: shoe forward far enough to enable the portion of the: platform extending" over the tool to clear thetool; and-' friction'm-eans on said carrier" ated b'y'sa-id" arm for raising said friction tool infri'ctional engagement with the cover-to urge-the cover upwardly and'thereby'assist in-the turning operation-whilesaid arm-is being depressed;

1-0. A platform cover turning machinecomprising a stationary turningtool adapt d to engage within adownwardly extending unturned platform coverof an inverted shoe; aplunger engage able'with the bottom of the-shoe, an arm on which said plunger is mounted; means'for depressing thearmand thereby-theplunger'to urge the'shoe downwardly to cause thecover to be turned over thetool; a friction tool engageablewith the cover outside the turning tool, aspi ingnormally holding said" friction-tool down, alever bywhichsaid frictiontoolmay-be raised; anda bar mounted on said: arm-for 'engaging-said 'levertoraise the fri'ction'tool when the arm is depressed.

11. A platform cover--turning-machine com-- prising a stationary turning tool adapted to engage withln a=- downwardly extending unturned platformcover of" an invertedshoe, a plunger engageable with the bottom of theshoe, an arm on which-said plungenis'mounted, means for depressing: the: arm and thereby the-plunger to urge thershoewdownwardly to-cause the cover to be turnedr'zover-thektool', a- -fri'ction: toolengageable withnth' cover outsidethe turning tool; aspring normally "holding saidufrlction 'tool down, a lever byjwhieh said. .fri'ction tool may: be raised, a vbar mounted -on said arm for-engaging said lever to raisethe. friotionltool when thearm is depressed, andimeansfor securingzsaid bar tosaid arm in various positions of heightwise adjustment to enable'theatime of the engagem'ent of thebar with the=lever-toibe*varied.:

12.1 A platform cover turn-ing machine comprisingwa stationarycturning tool adapted to engage withinaea downwardlyextending unturned plat-' formz'cover of;aminvertedshoa asplunger engage-- able with the bottom of the shoe, an arm on which the plunger is mounted, means for depressing the arm and thereby the plunger to urge the shoe downwardly to cause the cover to be turned over the tool, a friction tool engageable with the cover outside the turning tool, mechanism operated by said arm for raising said friction tool in frictional engagement with th cover to urge the cover upwardly and thereby assist in the turning operation while said arm is being depressed, and a member secured on said arm with provision for heightwise adjustment thereon, said member being constructed and arranged to disengage said raising mechanism and thereby terminate the operation of the friction tool at a stage of the turning operation predetermined by the heightwise adjustment of said member.

13. In a platform cover turning machine, means for turning an unturned platform cover attached along one of its margins to the body portion of a shoe, comprising a friction tool engageable with the unturned cover at a locality adjacent to said attached margin, and means for effecting relativ movement between the tool and the shoe to cause the tool to exert upon the cover a frictional turning force which is directed heightwise of the shoe and toward the plane of the shoe bottom.

14. In a platform cover turning machine, a support for a shoe having an unturned platform cover attached along one of its margins to the body portion of the shoe, a friction tool engageable with the unturned cover, means for bringing said tool into engagement with the cover at a locality adjacent to said attached margin, means for moving the friction tool in a direction which is heightwise of the shoe and toward the plane of the shoe bottom to cause the tool to exert upon the cover a frictional turning force tending to form the cover into a bight which begins at said attached margin and progresses relatively to the shoe in said directions as the platform cover is turned, and means for preventing movement of the body portion of the shoe with the friction tool.

15. In a platform cover turning machine, a support for a shoe having an unturned platform cover attached along one of its margins to the body portion of the shoe, a tool having ratchet teeth for frictional engagement with the unturned cover at an end of the shoe, means for bringing said tool into initial engagement with the cover at a locality adjacent to said attached margin, means for moving the tool in a direction which is heightwise of the shoe and toward the plane of the shoe bottom, thereby causing the tool to exert upon the cover a frictional force tending to form the cover into a bight which begins at said attached margin and progresses relatively to the shoe in said direction as the platform cover is turned, and a member engageable with th shoe bottom to prevent the body portion of the shoe from moving with the friction tool.

16. In a platform cover turning machine, a tool adapted to engage within an unturned platform cover attached to the body portion of a shoe, a friction tool engageable with the exposed surface of the unturned cover, means for pressing the friction tool against said exposed surface where the cover is backed by the first-mentioned tool, means for moving the friction tool in a direction which is heightwise of the shoe and toward the plane of the shoe bottom to cause the friction tool to exert upon the cover a frictional force tending to turn the cover by sliding it over the first-mentioned tool, and means for preventing movement of the body portion of the shoe with the friction tool.

ROBERT H. LAWSON.

REFERENCES CITED Name Date Quinn et al Mar. 26, 1946 Number 

